SCIENCE LIBRARY · UNITED STATES
Original scientific explainers with study data, limitations and links to practical guides. Each study is interpreted in its own population and treatment context.
Start with the outcome you want to understand. A change in weight, a symptom score and a reduction in clinical events answer different questions.
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Semaglutide reduced a major cardiovascular composite in people with established cardiovascular disease, overweight or obesity, and no diabetes. The trial’s absolute numbers, follow-up, and discontinuations explain both the importance and the boundaries of that result.
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
FLOW found fewer major kidney-related or cardiovascular-death events with weekly injectable semaglutide in selected adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Understanding that result requires separating hazard ratios, kidney-function measurements, and claims the trial did not test.
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
SURMOUNT-4 provides strong randomized evidence about continuing versus withdrawing tirzepatide after initial weight loss. Its meaning depends on who reached randomization, how weight change was calculated, and what newer maintenance research adds.
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
Participants regained about two-thirds of their earlier average weight loss after semaglutide and structured lifestyle support ended. The study’s design explains both why that finding matters and why it is not an individual forecast.
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
A randomized comparison favored injectable tirzepatide over injectable semaglutide at 72 weeks. Understanding the result requires separating average weight change, treatment strategies, safety, and outcomes the trial did not measure.
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
Two randomized trials found substantial reductions in sleep apnea severity with tirzepatide. Understanding the result requires separating hourly event counts, placebo-adjusted effects, baseline PAP use, and the unanswered questions about individual follow-up.
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
The semaglutide trial found meaningful average improvements in obesity-related HFpEF. Its strongest evidence concerns symptoms, weight, and function—not a proven reduction in mortality.
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
Tirzepatide reduced a combined cardiovascular-death or worsening-heart-failure endpoint in people with obesity and preserved ejection fraction. Reading the components separately reveals both the strength and the limits of that finding.
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
A large reduction in diabetes diagnoses among participants with obesity and prediabetes is compelling—but the pooled treatment estimate, endpoint hierarchy, and short off-treatment follow-up shape its meaning.
SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
The SURMOUNT-1 body-composition substudy found substantially greater fat loss—and measurable lean-mass loss—with tirzepatide. Understanding the denominators, selected sample, and corrected figure is essential to interpreting the result.